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Birdshot chorioretinopathy is thought to be an autoimmune disease. The disease has strong association with the human leukocyte antigen haplotype (HLA)-A29, which is the strongest association between a disease and HLA class I documented (>99% of patients are HLA-A29 positive by molecular testing and HLA-A29-negative cases are controversial [1]).
The most common antigens include HLA-B27, HLA-A29 (in birdshot chorioretinopathy) and HLA-B51 (in Behçet disease). [citation needed] Radiology X-ray may be used to show coexisting arthritis and chest X-ray may be helpful in sarcoidosis.
HLA-A29 (A29) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α 29 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A29, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A *29 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. [1] This group currently is dominated by A*2902.
HLA region of Chromosome 6. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans that encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system. [1] The HLA system is also known as the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) found in many animals. [2]
Retinal vasculitis is inflammation of the vascular branches of the retinal artery, caused either by primary ocular disease processes, or as a specific presentation of any systemic form of vasculitis such as Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, or any form of systemic necrotizing vasculitis such as temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or ...
HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α 31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A *31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. [1] This group currently is dominated by A*3101.
HLA A30-Cw5-B18-DR3-DQ2 (A30::DQ2) is a multigene haplotype that extends across a majority of the major histocompatibility complex on human chromosome 6.A multigene haplotype is a set of inherited alleles covering several genes, or gene-alleles.
HLA-A19 (A19) is a human leukocyte antigen HLA-A serotype that may recognize the A29, A30, A31, A32, A33, and A74 serotypes. [1] While these haplotypes are found all over the globe, their combined frequencies are higher in Sub Saharan Africa; frequencies tend to decline away from Africa.