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Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA, usually mRNA. Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end ...
In bacteria, there is one general RNA transcription factor known as a sigma factor. RNA polymerase core enzyme binds to the bacterial general transcription (sigma) factor to form RNA polymerase holoenzyme and then binds to a promoter. [6] (RNA polymerase is called a holoenzyme when sigma subunit is attached to the core enzyme which is consist ...
In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template. Using the enzyme helicase, RNAP locally opens the double-stranded DNA so that one strand of the exposed nucleotides can ...
Sigma factor. A sigma factor (σ factor or specificity factor) is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. [1][2] It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to gene promoters. It is homologous to archaeal transcription factor B and to eukaryotic factor TFIIB. [3]
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. The nucleic acids constitute one of the four major ...
6S / SsrS RNA. In the field of molecular biology the 6S RNA is a non-coding RNA that was one of the first to be identified and sequenced. [ 1] What it does in the bacterial cell was unknown until recently. In the early 2000s scientists found out the function of 6S RNA to be as a regulator of sigma 70-dependent gene transcription.
(This polymerase originates from the T7 phage, a bacteriophage virus which infects E. coli bacterial cells and is capable of integrating its DNA into the host DNA, as well as overriding its cellular machinery to produce more copies of itself.) T7 RNA polymerase is responsible for beginning transcription at the T7 promoter of the transformed vector.
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. [1][2] It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. [3] A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase.