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The history of the Vaillant Group dates back to 1874, when Johann Vaillant set up a master fitter's business. In 1894 Johann Vaillant patented a new "closed-system" gas-fired bathroom boiler. [3] This was the first device that made it possible to heat water hygienically, without contaminating it with combustion gases.
Tankless water heaters can be further divided into two categories according to their heating capability: "full on/full off" versus "modulated". Full on/full off units do not have a variable power output level; the unit is either fully on or completely off. This can cause an annoying and possibly hazardous variation of hot water temperature as ...
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, [1] [page needed] [2] [page needed] including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.
The boiler heats water to a temperature controlled by a thermostat. The water then flows (either by natural circulation or by a pump) to radiators in the rooms which are to be heated. Water also flows through a coil in the hot water tank to heat a separate mass of water for bathing, etc.
Back boilers are strictly regulated in Ireland and the UK following explosions relating to incorrectly serviced or installed back boilers. [1] A gravity circuit is commonly employed to connect the back boiler to an indirect hot water cylinder and sometimes one or more radiators. This hot water cylinder needs to be placed at a higher level than ...
The ability to change an existing sub-critical boiler over to an OT program is very limited. "Common injection points are just after the condensate polisher and again at the deaerator outlet." [ 1 ] This forms a thicker protective layer of hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) on top of the magnetite.
Electrode boilers can work on both single-phase and three-phase supplies. If DC voltage is used, electrolysis of water occurs, decomposing water into its elements H 2 at the cathode (negative electrode) and O 2 at the anode (positive electrode). The electrode boiler is 99.9% efficient with almost all the energy consumed producing steam. [1]
The only railway use of water-tube boilers in any numbers was the Brotan boiler, invented by Johann Brotan in Austria in 1902, and found in rare examples throughout Europe, although Hungary was a keen user and had around 1,000 of them. Like the Baldwin, it combined a water-tube firebox with a fire-tube barrel.