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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus). This tissue growth can block the cervical ...
After menopause, the uterine structures involute and the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal. [17]: 41 Nabothian cysts (or Nabothian follicles) form in the transformation zone where the lining of metaplastic epithelium has replaced mucous epithelium and caused a strangulation of the outlet of some of the mucous glands.
Cervical stenosis may be present from birth or may be caused by other factors: Surgical procedures performed on the cervix such as colposcopy, cone biopsy, or a cryosurgery procedure [3] Trauma to the cervix [3] Repeated vaginal infections [3] Atrophy of the cervix after menopause [3] Cervical cancer [1] Radiation [1] Cervical nabothian cysts
Normal vaginal discharge is composed of cervical mucus, vaginal fluid, shedding vaginal and cervical cells, and bacteria. [1] The majority of the liquid in vaginal discharge is mucus produced by glands of the cervix. [1] [4] The rest is made up of transudate from the vaginal walls and secretions from glands (Skene's and Bartholin's). [4]
A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. [2] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer.
There are four types of ovarian cysts — functional cysts, PCOS cysts, benign ovarian tumor and malignant ovarian tumor — that range from harmless to fatal.
Bacteria that spread from the vagina and cervix [5] Risk factors: Gonorrhea, chlamydia [2] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms, ultrasound, laparoscopic surgery [2] Prevention: Not having sex, having few sexual partners, using condoms [6] Treatment: Antibiotics [7] Frequency: 1.5 percent of young women yearly [8]
A Bartholin's cyst is an abscess of a Bartholin's gland. Bartholin's glands are located within the labia, or the skin folds surrounding the vaginal opening. [17] Bartholin's cysts can be painful and may require drainage or surgical removal in order to resolve. [17]