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The first definition of enaction was introduced by psychologist Jerome Bruner, [60] [61] who introduced enaction as 'learning by doing' in his discussion of how children learn, and how they can best be helped to learn. [62] [63] He associated enaction with two other ways of knowledge organization: Iconic and Symbolic. [64]
Bruner was born blind (as a result of cataracts) on October 1, 1915, in New York City, to Polish Jewish immigrants, Herman and Rose Bruner. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] An operation at age 2 restored his vision. He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Duke University in 1937; a master's in psychology in 1939 and a doctorate in psychology in ...
Jerome Bruner conducted much of his research on developmental psychology and educational theory, formulating a theory of cognitive development, which categorized modes of internal representation into enactive (action-based), iconic (image-based), and symbolic (language-based).
Symbolic communication includes gestures, body language and facial expressions, as well as vocal moans that can indicate what an individual wants without having to speak. Research argues that about 55% of all communication stems from nonverbal language. [2] Symbolic communication ranges from sign language to braille to tactile communication skills.
Rivers denoted a student’s mental representation of language as an important psychological faculty linked to successful language acquisition. She makes specific reference to three systems of cognition identified by American psychologist Jerome Bruner. These three systems are classified as enactive, iconic, and symbolic. [10]
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The system is called enactive because of the feedback loop in which the system response is decided by the user input, and the user input is driven by the perceived system responses. [1] Enactive interfaces are new types of human-computer interface that express and transmit the enactive knowledge by integrating different sensory aspects. The ...
Another important contributor to the inquiry method in education is Jerome Bruner. His books The Process of Education and Toward a Theory of Instruction are landmarks in conceptualizing learning and curriculum development. He argued that any subject can be taught in some intellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development.