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The first definition of enaction was introduced by psychologist Jerome Bruner, [60] [61] who introduced enaction as 'learning by doing' in his discussion of how children learn, and how they can best be helped to learn. [62] [63] He associated enaction with two other ways of knowledge organization: Iconic and Symbolic. [64]
Bruner was born blind (as a result of cataracts) on October 1, 1915, in New York City, to Polish Jewish immigrants, Herman and Rose Bruner. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] An operation at age 2 restored his vision. He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Duke University in 1937; a master's in psychology in 1939 and a doctorate in psychology in ...
Symbolic communication includes gestures, body language and facial expressions, as well as vocal moans that can indicate what an individual wants without having to speak. Research argues that about 55% of all communication stems from nonverbal language. [2] Symbolic communication ranges from sign language to braille to tactile communication skills.
Rivers denoted a student’s mental representation of language as an important psychological faculty linked to successful language acquisition. She makes specific reference to three systems of cognition identified by American psychologist Jerome Bruner. These three systems are classified as enactive, iconic, and symbolic. [10]
Multimodal interfaces are a good candidate for the creation of Enactive interfaces because of their coordinated use of haptic, sound and vision.Such research is the main objective of the ENACTIVE Network of Excellence, a European consortium of more than 20 research laboratories that are joining their research effort for the definition, development and exploitation of enactive interfaces.
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Jerome Bruner conducted much of his research on developmental psychology and educational theory, formulating a theory of cognitive development, which categorized modes of internal representation into enactive (action-based), iconic (image-based), and symbolic (language-based).
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