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Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. [6] It is typically given intravenously or by injection into a muscle. [6]
Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine ), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones .
However, scopolamine has greater effects on the central nervous system (CNS) than atropine due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. [4] At higher-than-therapeutic doses, atropine and scopolamine cause CNS depression characterized by amnesia, fatigue, and reduction in rapid eye movement sleep.
Significant variations in blood pressure could be an indication that a person is at risk of a heart attack or stroke, a study has suggested. Researchers warned there is an urgent need for “new ...
Chronotropic effects (from chrono-, meaning time, and tropos, "a turn") are those that change the heart rate.. Chronotropic drugs may change the heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that influence it, such as by changing the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node.
Organophosphate based nerve agent poisoning, such as VX, sarin, tabun, and soman (atropine is favoured in conjunction with an oxime, usually pralidoxime) [6] [7] Anticholinergics generally have antisialagogue effects (decreasing saliva production), and most produce some level of sedation, both being advantageous in surgical procedures. [8] [9]
The 2005 Joint European Resuscitation and Resuscitation Council (UK) guidelines [17] state that atropine is the first-line treatment especially if there were any adverse signs, namely: 1) heart rate < 40 bpm, 2) systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg, 3) signs of heart failure, and 4) ventricular arrhythmias requiring suppression. If these fail to ...
This often results in the restoration of normal sinus rhythm of the heart. If not, the use of atropine or glycopyrrolate will usually be successful and permit continuation of the surgical procedure. Caution should be used with fast-push, intravenous opioids and dexmedetomidine which exacerbate the bradycardia. [ 7 ]