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One well known example of a bioassay is the "canary in the coal mine" experiment. [10] To provide advance warning of dangerous levels of methane in the air, miners would take methane-sensitive canaries into coal mines. If the canary died due to a build-up of methane, the miners would leave the area as quickly as possible.
Daphnia is a genus of small planktonic crustaceans, 0.2–6.0 mm (0.01–0.24 in) in length. Daphnia are members of the order Anomopoda , and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because their saltatory swimming style resembles the movements of fleas .
Daphnia studeri is a species of microcrustacean in the genus Daphnia. D. studeri lives in oligotrophic freshwater and slightly brackish lakes in Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands. Adult Daphnia studeri are typically 1.5 to 2.5 mm (0.059 to 0.098 in) [ 1 ] and colorless or slightly pink.
Daphnia magna is a key species in many lentic habitats. It can be found in lakes and shallow ponds rich in organic matter sediment. [6] Numerous natural predators are known and can lead to plastic phenotypic responses. In the presence of kairomones, Daphnia spp. develop conspicuous protective structures as an elongated spine and a large body ...
Daphnia pulicaria have a translucent carapace and two prominent second antennae, which they use to move. [11] The carapace, composed primarily of chitin, helps protect the feeding apparatus, and it is periodically shed during an individual's life. [11] Daphnia have a compound eye, and they are known to have an optomotor response. [12]
Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), [5] and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration.; Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death.
Whether one is submitting a grant proposal, literature review articles, or submitting an article into a paper, the citation system that must be used will depend on the publication they plan to submit to. English-language scientific writing originated in the 14th century, with the language later becoming the dominant medium for the field. [3]
The switch between sexuality and parthenogenesis in such species may be triggered by the season (aphid, some gall wasps), or by a lack of males or by conditions that favour rapid population growth (rotifers and cladocerans like Daphnia). In these species asexual reproduction occurs either in summer (aphids) or as long as conditions are favourable.