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The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh [a] (/ t ɑː ˈ n ɑː x /; [1] Hebrew: תַּנַ״ךְ tanaḵ, תָּנָ״ךְ tānāḵ or תְּנַ״ךְ tənaḵ) also known in Hebrew as Miqra (/ m iː ˈ k r ɑː /; Hebrew: מִקְרָא miqrāʾ), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites. [1]
The Book of Sirach provides evidence of a collection of sacred scriptures similar to portions of the Hebrew Bible. The book, which is dated to between 196 and 175 BCE [7] [8] (and is not included in the Jewish canon), includes a list of names of biblical figures in the same order as is found in the Torah (Law) and the Nevi'im (Prophets), and which includes the names of some men mentioned in ...
The Old Testament is the first section of the two-part Christian biblical canon; the second section is the New Testament.The Old Testament includes the books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) or protocanon, and in various Christian denominations also includes deuterocanonical books.
The largest organized collection of Hebrew Old Testament manuscripts in the world is housed in the Russian National Library ("Second Firkovitch Collection") in Saint Petersburg. [4] The Leningrad/Petrograd Codex (c. 1008-1010) is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew. The Leningrad/Petrograd codex is the manuscript upon ...
Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) has included study of its textual variants. Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources. [1]
The Old Testament is entirely rejected by some forms of Gnosticism, but the Hebrew Bible was adhered to even more tightly by Jewish Christians than Gentile Christians. The term protocanonical is often used to contrast these books to the deuterocanonical books or apocrypha , which "were sometimes doubted" [ 1 ] by some in the early church , and ...
The Old and New Testament canons did not develop independently of each other and most primary sources for the canon specify both Old and New Testament books. [ citation needed ] For the biblical scripture for both Testaments, canonically accepted in major traditions of Christendom , see § Canons of various traditions .