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The simplest liquid crystal phase is the nematic. In a nematic phase, calamitic organic molecules lack a crystalline positional order, but do self-align with their long axes roughly parallel. The molecules are free to flow and their center of mass positions are randomly distributed as in a liquid, but their orientation is constrained to form a ...
4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl is a commonly used nematic liquid crystal with the chemical formula C 18 H 19 N. It frequently goes by the common name 5CB. 5CB was first synthesized by George William Gray, Ken Harrison, and J.A. Nash at the University of Hull in 1972 and at the time it was the first member of the cyanobiphenyls.
Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLCs), also known as chiral nematic liquid crystals, are a supramolecular assembly and a subclass of liquid crystal characterized by their chirality. Contrary to achiral liquid crystals, the common orientational direction of ChLCs (known as the director) is arranged in a helix whose axis of rotation is ...
Reflective twisted-nematic liquid-crystal display. Light reflected by the surface (6) (or coming from a backlight) is horizontally polarized (5) and passes through the liquid-crystal modulator (3) sandwiched in between transparent layers (2, 4) containing electrodes. Horizontally polarized light is blocked by the vertically oriented polarizer ...
In optics, a nematicon is a spatial soliton in nematic liquid crystals (NLC). The name was invented in 2003 by G. Assanto. [1] and used thereafter [2] [3] Nematicons are generated by a special type of optical nonlinearity present in NLC: the light induced reorientation of the molecular director (i.e. the average molecular orientation).
the electrical field aligns the liquid crystal no current is necessary (very low power required for operation). current induced domain formation and scattering requires current for activation. twisted nematic field effect: dynamic scattering mode, DMS: Visual information can be generated by the processes of
The molecular design approach of Martin Schadt and his team has led to the discovery, patenting and production of the following commercially important liquid crystal classes: alkyl cyano Schiff'bases and esters (1971), [2] phenyl-pyrimidines (1977), alkenyl liquid crystals which have become key for all state-of-the-art high-information content ...
The twisted nematic effect (TN-effect) was a major technological breakthrough that made the manufacture of large, thin liquid crystal displays practical and cost competitive. Unlike earlier flat-panel displays, TN-cells did not require a current to flow for operation and used low operating voltages suitable for use with batteries.