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Islanding is the intentional or unintentional division of an interconnected power grid into individual disconnected regions with their own power generation. Intentional islanding is often performed as a defence in depth to mitigate a cascading blackout. If one island collapses, it will not take neighboring islands with it.
It has been defined and is controlled by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA). It replaces the earlier NMEA 0180 and NMEA 0182 standards. [2] In leisure marine applications, it is slowly being phased out in favor of the newer NMEA 2000 standard, [3] [4] though NMEA 0183 remains the norm in commercial shipping.
The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) is a non-profit international standards organization.Although started in 1947 as a U.S. government advisory committee, RTCM is now an independent organization supported by its member organizations from all over the world.
Offshore installation security is the protection of maritime installations from intentional harm. [2] As part of general maritime security , offshore installation security is defined as the installation's ability to combat unauthorized acts designed to cause intentional harm to the installation.
Solar inverters have special functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and anti-islanding protection. Solar micro-inverters differ from conventional inverters, as an individual micro-inverter is attached to each solar panel. This can improve the overall efficiency of the system.
NMEA 2000, abbreviated to NMEA2k or N2K and standardized as IEC 61162-3, is a plug-and-play communications standard used for connecting marine sensors and display units within ships and boats. Communication runs at 250 kilobits-per-second and allows any sensor to talk to any display unit or other device compatible with NMEA 2000 protocols.
IEC 61023 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Marine speed and distance measuring equipment (SDME) – Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results; IEC 61024 Protection of structures against lightning (Withdrawn, replaced by parts of IEC 62305) IEC 61025 Fault tree analysis (FTA)
Marine electronics refers to electronics devices designed and classed for use in the marine environment on board ships and yachts where even a small amount of salt water can destroy some electronics devices. Therefore, the majority of these types of devices are either water resistant or waterproof.