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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
Stretching, occupational and physical therapy are common non-invasive approaches used in the treatment of TOS. The goal of stretching is to relieve compression in the thoracic cavity, reduce blood vessel and nerve impingement, and realign the bones, muscles, ligaments, or tendons that are causing the problem. [citation needed]
Physical examination consists of gentle pressure to the chest wall with a single finger to identify the location of the discomfort. [2] Swelling and tenderness upon palpation at one or more of the costochondral , sternocostal , or sternoclavicular joints, is a distinctive trait of Tietze syndrome and is considered a positive diagnosis when found.
Treatment is usually weekly or bi-weekly, and up to 6 sessions may be necessary to relieve tenderness in the area. [4] The most invasive method for treating iliocostal friction syndrome is the surgical resection of the floating ribs, [ 2 ] which excises the outer two-thirds of the rib while the individual is under anesthesia. [ 3 ]
To observe chest wall expansion on the back of the chest, place palms on the patient's back with fingers parallel to the ribs and thumbs at the 10th ribs. Move hands towards each other to raise some skin on either side of the spine. Instruct the patient to inhale and observe the movement of the thumbs on the patient's back.
Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress (via muscle hypertonia), systemic inflammation, homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes ...
Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall. Two of the symptoms of flail chest are chest pain and shortness of breath .
Cup massage can be performed on almost all areas of human body. Most often cup massage is used to massage back, chest, limbs, and even face. [1] The procedure starts and ends with classical manual massage techniques. Cup massage is known to leave marks on the skin for several days. [2] Ventosa Cupping therapy