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A multibeam echosounder is a device typically used by hydrographic surveyors to determine the depth of water and the nature of the seabed. Most modern systems work by transmitting a broad acoustic fan shaped pulse from a specially designed transducer across the full swathe acrosstrack with a narrow alongtrack then forming multiple receive beams (beamforming) that are much narrower in the ...
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. [1] Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.).
The signal received by the LNB is extremely weak and it has to be amplified before downconversion. The low-noise amplifier section of the LNB amplifies this weak signal while adding the minimum possible amount of noise to the signal.
The transducers typically use piezoelectric transducers [3] or capacitive transducers to generate or receive ultrasound. [4] Piezoelectric crystals are able to change their sizes and shapes in response to voltage being applied. [3] On the other hand, capacitive transducers use electrostatic fields between a conductive diaphragm and a backing plate.
IEEE 1451 is a set of smart transducer interface standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Instrumentation and Measurement Society's Sensor Technology Technical Committee describing a set of open, common, network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and ...
A smart transducer is an analog or digital transducer, actuator, or sensor combined with a processing unit and a communication interface. [ 1 ] As sensors and actuators become more complex, they provide support for various modes of operation and interfacing.
The HART Communication Protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) is a hybrid analog+digital industrial automation open protocol. Its most notable advantage is that it can communicate over legacy 4–20 mA analog instrumentation current loops, sharing the pair of wires used by the analog-only host systems.
The volume near the transducer which exhibits this phenomenon is called the near field, as opposed to the far field where wave intensity decays approximately exponentially. The near-field size is usually approximated by D = d 2 4 λ {\displaystyle D={\frac {d^{2}}{4\lambda }}} where d = {\displaystyle d=} crystal diameter and λ ...