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The meter is "read" as a differential pressure head in centimeters or inches of water. The venturi meter and manometer is a common type of flow meter which can be used in many fluid applications to convert differential pressure heads into volumetric flow rate, linear fluid speed, or mass flow rate using Bernoulli's principle.
Most charts or tables indicate the type of friction factor, or at least provide the formula for the friction factor with laminar flow. If the formula for laminar flow is f = 16 / Re , it is the Fanning factor f, and if the formula for laminar flow is f D = 64 / Re , it is the Darcy–Weisbach factor f D.
The meter is "read" as a differential pressure head in cm or inches of water and is equivalent to the difference in velocity head. The dynamic pressure, along with the static pressure and the pressure due to elevation, is used in Bernoulli's principle as an energy balance on a closed system .
In fluid dynamics, total dynamic head (TDH) is the work to be done by a pump, per unit weight, per unit volume of fluid.TDH is the total amount of system pressure, measured in feet, where water can flow through a system before gravity takes over, and is essential for pump specification.
Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium and through a Hele-Shaw cell.The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on results of experiments [1] on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences.
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface. Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or dS equivalently (resolved into components, θ is angle to ...
Given that the head loss h f expresses the pressure loss Δp as the height of a column of fluid, Δ p = ρ ⋅ g ⋅ h f {\displaystyle \Delta p=\rho \cdot g\cdot h_{f}} where ρ is the density of the fluid.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.