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Coins were minted in both Spain and Latin America from the 16th to 19th centuries in silver 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales nacionales and in gold 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. The silver 8-real coin was known as the Spanish dollar (as the coin was minted to the specifications of the thaler of the Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg monarchy ), peso ...
Other minor denominations included 4 reales, 2 reales, 1 real, and 1/2 real. The 8 reales coin is the predecessor to the American dollar . Before the United States Mint was in production, columnarios circulated, along with other coinage, in the US colonies, as legal tender until the middle of the 19th century.
The word peseta has been known as early as 1737 to colloquially refer to the coin worth 2 reales provincial or 1 ⁄ 5 of a peso. [3] [4] Coins denominated in "pesetas" were briefly issued in 1808 in Barcelona under French occupation; see Catalan peseta.
Denominations: 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, and 3 reales. (These coins are rare; perhaps only 300—400 specimens survive.) The 2 and 3-real coins were confused because of their similar size, so the 3 reales was discontinued in 1537. The 1 ⁄ 4 real was unpopular because of its small size; it was not minted after 1540.
There were silver 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, and gold 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos, with silver 1 ⁄ 4 reales added in 1842. Copper coins for 1 ⁄ 16, 1 ⁄ 8 and 1 ⁄ 4 real were issued both by the Federal government at the Mexico City mint and by the state governments at various mints around the country. On the republic's coins, the ...
Gold coins were issued in denominations of 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos, with the 2 escudos coin known as the doubloon.Between 1809 and 1849, coins denominated as 80, 160 and 320 reales (de vellon) were issued, equivalent, in gold content and value, to the 2, 4 and 8 escudo coins.