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A cast-in-place anchor bolt. The simplest – and strongest – form of anchor bolt is cast-in-place, with its embedded end consisting of a standard hexagonal head bolt and washer, 90-bend, or some sort of forged or welded flange (see also stud welding). The last are used in concrete-steel composite structures as shear connectors. [6]
F/n = 23 kN per anchor during site lifting (n = 2 lifting anchors) Reference to the load capacity tables provided by the anchor manufacturer is required to make an anchor selection for the specific concrete strengths at the time of lifting. Hence the great of the two calculated anchor capacities required at the concrete strength of the initial ...
The tension failure loads predicted by the CCD method fits experimental results over a wide range of embedment depth (e.g. 100 – 600 mm). [2] Anchor load bearing capacity provided by ACI 349 does not consider size effect, thus an underestimated value for the load-carrying capacity is obtained for large embedment depths.
The anchor must be adequate to resist the maximum tensile load of the guy wires; both the dead load of the tension of the wire and the maximum possible live load due to wind. Since the guy wire exerts its force at an angle, the anchor has both vertical and lateral (horizontal) forces on it.
Bolt preload can also be controlled by torquing the bolt to the point of yielding. Under some circumstances, a skilled operator can feel the drop off of the work required to turn the torque wrench as the material of the bolt begins to yield. At that point the bolt has a preload determined by the bolt area and the yield strength of the bolt ...
Anchor channels, invented by Anders Jordahl in 1913, are steel channels cast flush in reinforced concrete elements to allow the installation of channel bolts for the fastening of components. Anchor channels consist of steel C-shaped channels and anchors (mostly headed studs ) which are connected to the channel by welding or riveting/forging.
An anchor plate, floor plate [1] or wall washer is a large plate or washer connected to a tie rod or bolt. Anchor plates are used on exterior walls of masonry buildings, for structural reinforcement against lateral bowing. Anchor plates are made of cast iron, sometimes wrought iron or steel, and are often made in a decorative style. [2]
Counting from one end of the stack, group by the number of adjacent washers in parallel. For example, in the stack of washers to the right, the grouping is 2-3-1-2, because there is a group of 2 washers in parallel, then a group of 3, then a single washer, then another group of 2. The total spring coefficient is: