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The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.
Biological rules describe patterns of variation within and across species most often in regard to size. While they are described as rules there are often many exceptions to them. While they are described as rules there are often many exceptions to them.
Cope's rule also appears to hold in clades where a constraint on size is expected. For instance, one may expect the size of birds to be constrained, as larger masses mean more energy must be expended in flight. Birds have been suggested to follow Cope's law, [23] although a subsequent reanalysis of the same data suggested otherwise. [24]
The World Justice Project (WJP) [146] is an international organization that produces independent research and data, in order to build awareness, and stimulate action to advance the rule of law. [147] The World Justice Project defines the rule of law as a durable system of laws, institutions, norms, and country commitment that uphold four ...
Bergmann's rule - Penguins on the Earth (mass m, height h) [1] Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.
The rule according to a higher law is a statement which expresses that no law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms with certain universal principles (written or unwritten) of fairness, morality, and justice. [1] Thus, the rule according to a higher law may serve as a practical legal criterion to qualify the instances of ...
But to be a valid rule, the legal system of which the rule is a component must, as a whole, be effective. According to Hart, any rule that complies with the rule of recognition is a valid legal rule. For example, if the rule of recognition were "what Professor X says is law", then any rule that Professor X spoke would be a valid legal rule.
Although natural justice has an impressive ancestry [3] and is said to express the close relationship between the common law and moral principles, [4] the use of the term today is not to be confused with the "natural law" of the Canonists, the mediaeval philosophers' visions of an "ideal pattern of society" or the "natural rights" philosophy of ...