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This was often due to difficult and repeated childbirth in the region, and the loss of the female was more detrimental for the offspring than the loss of the male. [5] Sex-based differential fitness can also favor females, and this is often illustrated in systems where female choice is more important or when females are larger than the males.
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.
Sex differences in psychology are differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes and are due to a complex interplay of biological, developmental, and cultural factors. Differences have been found in a variety of fields such as mental health , cognitive abilities , personality , emotion , sexuality , friendship , [ 1 ] and ...
Some studies showing that differences are due to socially assigned roles (nurture), while other studies show that differences are due to inherent differences (natural or innate). [22] Studies on this topic explore the possibility of social influences on how both sexes perform in cognitive and behavioral tests.
For any trait of interest, observed differences among individuals "may be due to differences in the genes" coding for a trait and "the result of variation in environmental condition". This variability is due to gene-environment interactions that influence genetic expression patterns and trait heritability. [72]
Differences in behavioral tests may be due to potential anatomical and physiological differences in the amygdala across sexes rather than activation differences. [ 27 ] Emotional expression, understanding, and behavior appears to vary between males and females.
Adjustable-rate mortgage. Fixed-rate mortgage. Down payment. Typically 3.5% to 20%. Typically 3% to 20%. Initial interest rate. May be lower or higher for the fixed period
A 'compensating differential', in contrast, refers exclusively to differences in pay due to differences in the jobs themselves, for a given worker (or for two identical workers). In the theory of price indices, economists also use the term compensating variation, which is yet another unrelated concept. A 'compensating variation' is the change ...