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Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum [1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [2]
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More recent shopping dedicated areas outside the main centre are known as "shopping centres" (with understanding of the synonym shopping mall) "shopping villages" or "retail parks". According to author Richard Longstreth, before the 1920s–1930s, the term "shopping center" in the U.S. was loosely applied to any group of adjacent retail businesses.
The mall was designed by Victor Gruen, who three years earlier had designed the country's first enclosed shopping mall. [3] A native of Austria, Gruen had been hired for Fort Worth, Texas, in 1957 to design a comprehensive plan for its city center. That plan included a pedestrian zone modeled on those of European cities.
The International Council of Shopping Centers, based in New York City, classifies two types of shopping centers as malls: regional malls and super regional malls.A regional mall, per the International Council of Shopping Centers, is a shopping mall with 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m 2) to 800,000 sq ft (74,000 m 2) gross leasable area with at least two anchor stores. [8]
The shopping centre structure was designed by Ronald Lu and Partners, while P&T Group was responsible for interior design. The Wai has four storeys with a total floor area of 650,000 square feet (60,000 m 2), including a 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m 2) outdoor green area, an indoor car park with 390 parking spaces, and the largest bicycle parking lot in Hong Kong, with 330 bicycle parking ...
The firm paid $34.5 million for the mall in 2018 after moving to foreclose on it earlier the same year. Northgate had been bleeding tenants for years and finally closed in May 2020.
The U.P. Town Center has three phases. The first phase, covering 4,700 square meters (51,000 sq ft), is primarily for restaurants and retail stores. It also hosts a two-level Foot Locker store. The second phase, covering a 26,000 square meters (280,000 sq ft) floor plan, contains more retail and dining outlets and was completed by May 2015.