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Gustavus Adolphus (9 December [N.S 19 December] 1594 – 6 November [N.S 16 November] 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, [1] was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited with the rise of Sweden as a great European power (Swedish: Stormaktstiden).
Gustavus quickly ordered a delaying action to allow time for his troops to retreat, their situation was critical, but nonetheless, Gustavus managed to save most of his units. One notable loss is Gustavus' hat, which the Imperials took as a war trophy .
When, King Gustavus Adolphus was shot in the shoulder by a Polish sniper, the Swedes decided to end the assault and withdrew from the field, reportedly in good order. Stanislaw Koniecpolski decided to take the war to the seas and gathered a small Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy of 9 ships, mostly with aid from the City of Danzig.
Gustavus Adolphus' father, Charles IX of Sweden – the uncle of Sigisimund – also a Vasa, was awarded the throne, in part because he was an ardent Lutheran. Soon after, Sweden became engaged in wars with the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway and the Tsardom of Russia .
The Battle of Lützen, fought on 16 November 1632, [c] is considered one of the most important battles of the Thirty Years' War.Led by the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus, an Allied army primarily composed of troops from Sweden, Saxony, and Hesse-Kassel, narrowly defeated an Imperial force under Albrecht von Wallenstein.
In 1621, the king of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, declared that the previously signed truce between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was void.At the time, the Commonwealth was at war with the Ottoman Empire regarding Moldavia, and with Gustavus' reforms in the Swedish army, he was ready to deploy his armies into Livonia once again.
On July 15, Gustavus decided on a surprise attack on Danzig, and Gustavus himself led a force of 25 leather cannons, which had excellent mobility. [3] He brought it over a swamp that the Poles deemed impossible to cross. [2] [4] [3] After this, a 6-hour-long battle between the Swedish Army and the Commonwealth fleet began. The Commonwealth ...
The eleven Riksdags held by Gustavus Adolphus were almost exclusively occupied in finding ways and means for supporting the ever-increasing burdens of the Polish and German wars. Gustavus owed much of his success as an empire-builder to the religious and patriotic zeal of the Swedes, and their willingness to sacrifice. [6]