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Structural violence is a form of violence wherein some social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs or rights.. The term was coined by Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung, who introduced it in his 1969 article "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research". [1]
The concept of violence being ingrained in Western society and culture has been around for at least the 20th century. [1] Developed from structural violence, as research progressed the notion that a culture can sanction violent acts developed into what we know as culture of violence theory today. [1]
The impacts of structural violence are far reaching. They affect individuals, and overall social outcomes. [1] Poverty is one of the biggest by-products of structural violence, as structural violence inhibits individuals and communities from achieving basic human rights. These basic rights include access to healthcare and education.
Critical theory argues for a shift from "negative peace" described as absence of violence against individuals to "positive peace" described as the absence of structural violence. [46] This emerged rapidly at the end of the Cold War, and was encapsulated in the report of then-UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace. [26]
Jacklyn Cock's 1989 paper [23] in the Review of African Political Economy applied Galtung's theory of structural violence, analysing the role of militarized society under the apartheid regime of South Africa in the development of patriarchal values that is a form of structural violence against women. Cock found that tacit misdirection of women ...
Violence can be broadly divided into three broad categories—direct violence, structural violence and cultural violence. [138] Thus defined and delineated, it is of note, as Hyndman says, that "geography came late to theorizing violence" [138] in comparison to other social sciences.
Youths wait in line to return to their dorms at the Pahokee Youth Development Center, a facility run by James F. Slattery's company in the late 1990s. Pahokee faced criticism for a high incidence of abuse and violence. (The Palm Beach Post / ZUMA Press)
One increasingly discussed cause of protracted social conflict is historical trauma, which is the collection of adverse responses and experiences groups have after being subjected to violence such as colonization, ethnocide, and structural inequalities. In this view, historical trauma is a very common underlying causes of protracted social ...