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The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Cytologic tests include conventional Pap smear and liquid based cytology. Visual Inspection tests involve application of a solution to enhance identification of abnormal areas and can utilize the naked eye or a colposcope/magnifying camera. [3] Medical organizations of different countries have unique guidelines and screening recommendations.
The origins of CLIA can be traced back to the late 1960s, when cytology laboratories faced issues due to overworked personnel and a high incidence of errors in reading PAP smears. In response to these concerns, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment was introduced in 1967, which laid down the first set of regulations for laboratory ...
[23]: 654 As a risk of cancer still exists, guidelines recommend continuing regular Pap tests. [9] Other methods of prevention include having few or no sexual partners and the use of condoms . [ 8 ] Cervical cancer screening using the Pap test or acetic acid can identify precancerous changes, which when treated, can prevent the development of ...
Colposcopy: If the results of a cervical cancer screening test, such as Pap smear or HPV test, are abnormal this more thorough examination of the cervix and vaginal tissues may be needed. Loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP): a procedure to quickly remove abnormal vaginal tissue within the cervix. A local anesthetic and a solution to ...
The Pap test is still widely used as a means of early cancer detection and is estimated to have reduced fatalities caused by cancer of the reproductive systems in women by half. [10] By some accounts, the pap test is considered the most significant advance in the control of cancer in the 20th century.
The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, [1] used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 [2] and revised in 1991, [3] 2001, [1] [4] [5] and 2014. [6]
Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology , [ 1 ] where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis.