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Hull House, Chicago. Settlement and community houses in the United States were a vital part of the settlement movement, a progressive social movement that began in the mid-19th century in London with the intention of improving the quality of life in poor urban areas through education initiatives, food and shelter provisions, and assimilation and naturalization assistance.
One of his lesser known projects consisted of documenting immigrants coming through Ellis island. In 1901 Hine was a teacher at the Ethical Culture School in New York City.
Lower East Side, circa 1900. Shortly after the American Civil War, some states started to pass their own immigration laws, which prompted the U.S. Supreme Court to rule in 1875 that immigration was a federal responsibility. [50] In 1875, the nation passed its first immigration law, the Page Act of 1875, also known as the Asian Exclusion Act. It ...
The older immigrants by the 1870s had formed highly stable communities, especially the German Americans. [110] The British immigrants tended to blend into the general population. [111] Irish Catholics had arrived in large numbers in the 1840s and 1850s in the wake of the great famine in Ireland when starvation killed millions. Their first few ...
A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920 (2003) Mowry, George. The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912. survey by leading scholar; Pease, Otis, ed. The Progressive Years: The Spirit and Achievement of American Reform (1962), primary documents
The Great Migration, along with immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as well as their descendants, rapidly turned the city into the country's fourth-largest. By the start of the Great Depression in 1929, the city's African-American population had increased to 120,000. In 1900–01, Chicago had a total population of 1,754,473. [45]
Starting in the 1880s, the labor unions aggressively promoted restrictions on immigration, especially restrictions on Chinese, Japanese and Korean immigrants. [227] In combination with the racist attitudes of the time, there was a fear that large numbers of unskilled, low-paid workers would defeat the union's efforts to raise wages through ...
David Gamson examines the implementation of progressive reforms in three city school districts—Denver, Colorado; Seattle, Washington and Oakland, California—during 1900–1928. Historians of educational reform during the Progressive Era tend to highlight the fact that many progressive policies and reforms were very different and at times ...