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One of the first major changes effected by Abbasid rule was the move of the caliphate's center of power from Syria to Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). This was closer to the Persian mawali support base of the Abbasids and the move addressed their demand for reduced Arab dominance in the empire. [18] However, no definitive capital was yet selected.
Al-Mu'tasim, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader. Al-Wathiq, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship. Al-Mutawakkil, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.
Support for the Abbasid revolution came from people of diverse backgrounds, with almost all levels of society supporting armed opposition to Umayyad rule. [9] This was especially pronounced among Muslims of non-Arab descent, [10] [11] [12] though even Arab Muslims resented Umayyad rule and centralized authority over their nomadic lifestyles.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the Saffarids rebellion and subjugation of the Zanj Revolt. Establishment of the autonomous Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in Transoxiana, Persia, Sind and Punjab, North Africa, Middle East and Arabia. 16 October 892 – 5 April 902 al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh: Abū'l-ʿAbbās ...
The Carolingian ruler Pepin the Short had a powerful enough position in Europe to "make his alliance valuable to the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, al-Mansur". [5] Former supporters of the Umayyad Caliphate were established in southern Spain under Abd ar-Rahman I , and constituted a strategic threat both to the Carolingians on their southern border ...
53. |Date=1911 map by William R. Shepherd (12 June 1871 – 7 June 1934). 18:07, 20 March 2022: 900 × 413 (647 KB) The Story of Marjaan: Added the conquered parts in Northwestern India by Muhammad bin Qasim. The map can be found on File:QASIM.PNG. It depicts the largest extent of the territory conquered by Qasim during the Umayyads.
This period marked the beginning of the end for the Abbadid dynasty, as the following years saw them growing weaker and weaker due to a number of events: first came the start of hostilities with Alfonso VI, followed by the Christians succeeding in Aragon, Valencia, and Toledo; finally, domestic Muslims created issues at home. [4]