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Starch production is an isolation of starch from plant sources. It takes place in starch plants. Starch industry is a part of food processing which is using starch as a starting material for production of starch derivatives, hydrolysates, dextrins. [1] At first, the raw material for the preparation of the starch was wheat.
Microscopic view: potato starch (amyloplasts) in plant cell. Many types of potatoes are grown for the production of potato starch, potato varieties with high starch content and high starch yields are selected. Recently, a new type of potato plant was developed that only contains one type of starch molecule: amylopectin, the waxy potato starch.
Glucose from starch can be further fermented to biofuel corn ethanol using the so-called wet milling process. Today most bioethanol production plants use the dry milling process to ferment corn or other feedstock directly to ethanol. [68] In the pharmaceutical industry, starch is also used as an excipient, as tablet disintegrant, and as binder ...
The production of butanol by biological means was first performed by Louis Pasteur in 1861. [5] In 1905, Austrian biochemist Franz Schardinger found that acetone could similarly be produced. [5] In 1910 Auguste Fernbach (1860–1939) developed a bacterial fermentation process using potato starch as a feedstock in the production of butanol. [6]
Plants store starch in tightly packed granules, consisting of layers of amylose and amylopectin. [36] The size and shape of the starch granule varies by botanical source. For instance, the average size of potato starch is approximately 38 micrometers, wheat starch an average of 22 micrometers and rice starch approximately 8 micrometers. [37]
Damaged starch can be produced, for example, during the wheat milling process, or when drying the starch cake in a starch plant. [5] There is an inverse correlation between gelatinization temperature and glycemic index. [4] High amylose starches require more energy to break up bonds to gelatinize into starch molecules.
Phosphated distarch phosphate, is a type of chemically modified starch. It can be derived from wheat starch, tapioca starch, potato starch or many other botanical sources of starch. It is produced by replacing the hydrogen bonds between starch chains by stronger, covalent phosphate bonds that are more permanent.
Retrogradation can expel water from the polymer network. This process is known as syneresis. A small amount of water can be seen on top of the gel. Retrogradation is directly related to the staling or aging of bread. [3] Retrograded starch is a type of resistant starch. Chemical modification of starches can reduce or enhance the retrogradation ...