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It is a form of Patient Centered Care/Person-Centered Care as the goals are unique to the individual patient and direct the plan of care. This is in contrast to problem-oriented or disease-driven care where the focus is on correcting biological abnormalities (i.e. for a patient with diabetes focusing on control of the hemoglobin A1c). [2]
Person-centered care is based on a holistic approach to health care that takes the whole person into account instead of a narrow perspective where the focus lies on the illness or the symptoms. The person-centered approach also includes the person's abilities, or resources, wishes, health and well-being as well as social and cultural factors. [10]
Self-management is the cornerstone for successful health outcomes in diabetes patients as there is a positive association between self-management behaviour and care outcomes. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Self-management stresses the importance of the role of an individual and their responsibility in developing skilled behaviours to manage one's own illness.
Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope (PATH) is a strengths-based person-centred planning process developed by John O'Brien, Marsha Forest and Jack Pearpoint.The PATH process is designed to help a focus person establish their own vision for their life and imagine what supports and connections will help them achieve this vision.
Whole Health Action Management (WHAM) is a peer-led intervention to facilitate self-management to reach whole health goals through peer coaching and support groups. [1] [2] It is a method of using peer support to support healthcare delivery, [3] and to counter high rates of chronic physical health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease and obesity among those with behavioral health diagnoses.
An example is how having diabetes mellitus causes the person's nutritional activities to differ from those of a person without diabetes. Psychological- the impact of not only emotion, but cognition, spiritual beliefs and the ability to understand. Roper explained this was about "knowing, thinking, hoping, feeling and believing".