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An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports.
A fixed arch bridge, that is one without hinges, exerts a bending moment at the abutments and stresses caused by change of temperature or shrinkage of concrete have to be taken up by the arch. A two-hinged arch has a hinge at the base of each arch (the springing point), while a three-hinged arch has a third hinge at the crown of the arch. [3]
The actual resolution of forces will depend upon the bridge' design. [1] If no horizontal thrusting forces are generated, this becomes an arch-shaped truss which is essentially a bent beam – see moon bridge for an example. If horizontal thrust is generated but the apex of the arch is a pin joint, this is termed as a three-hinged arch.
In the 3rd century, segmental arch bridges, or flat arch bridges, emerged. One of the earliest examples of this type of bridge is the Limyra Bridge, [15] situated near Limyra in present-day Turkey. It is 360 meters in length and comprises 26 segmental arches and two semi-circular arches. [16]
An example is the Fremont Bridge in Portland, Oregon which is the second-longest tied-arch bridge in the world and also classifies as a through arch bridge. The Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing is a tied-arch, through arch and a truss arch bridge. Contrarily, the Hart Bridge uses a cantilevered trussed arch, it is self-anchored, but its arch is ...
The Hernando de Soto Bridge is a tied-arch bridge carrying Interstate 40 across the Mississippi River between West Memphis, Arkansas, and Memphis, Tennessee.The design is a continuous cantilevered cable-stayed steel through arch, with bedstead endposts.
The through arch bridge usually consists of two ribs, [5] although there are examples like the Hulme Arch Bridge of through arches with a single rib. When the two arches are built in parallel planes, the structure is a parallel rib arch bridge. When the two arch ribs lean together and shorten the distance between the arches near the top, the ...
The network arch type, with multiple crossings, i.e. overlap in the horizontal axis, was developed by Per Tveit to avoid this. [3] Lohse bridges have a tie conversely curved to the arch. The bridge deck is supported by a third structural element hanging underneath.