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A research proposal is a document proposing a research project, generally in the sciences or academia, and generally constitutes a request for sponsorship of that research. [1] Proposals are evaluated on the cost and potential impact of the proposed research, and on the soundness of the proposed plan for carrying it out. [2] Research proposals ...
Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.
Although they do not need to be labeled, high-quality datasets for unsupervised learning can also be difficult and costly to produce. [2] [3] [4] Many organizations, including governments, publish and share their datasets. The datasets are classified, based on the licenses, as Open data and Non-Open data.
The data modeling process. The figure illustrates the way data models are developed and used today . A conceptual data model is developed based on the data requirements for the application that is being developed, perhaps in the context of an activity model.
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory. [1] In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". [ 2 ]
With this approach, there is a risk that the algorithm is overwhelmed by uninformative examples. Recent developments are dedicated to multi-label active learning, [ 5 ] hybrid active learning [ 6 ] and active learning in a single-pass (on-line) context, [ 7 ] combining concepts from the field of machine learning (e.g. conflict and ignorance ...
Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, [2] and business. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same.
ML (Meta Language) is a general-purpose, high-level, functional programming language.It is known for its use of the polymorphic Hindley–Milner type system, which automatically assigns the data types of most expressions without requiring explicit type annotations (type inference), and ensures type safety; there is a formal proof that a well-typed ML program does not cause runtime type errors. [1]