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Library Genesis (shortened to LibGen) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic and general-interest books, images, comics, audiobooks, and magazines.
Sci-Hub – Search engine which bypasses paywalls to provide free access to scientific and academic research papers and articles [5] The Pirate Bay – A BitTorrent index [6] [7] Z-Library – Many instances exist. [8]
Z-Library and its activities are illegal in many jurisdictions. While website seizures reduced the accessibility of the content, [ 17 ] it remains available on the dark web . [ 18 ] The legal status of the project, as well as its potential impact on the publishing industry and authors' rights, is a matter of ongoing debate.
Shadow libraries often host or link to copyrighted material without the consent of copyright holders, making them illegal or dubiously legal in many countries. [1] Such libraries are also described as pirate libraries. [8] [1]: 4 Many shadow libraries maintain bibliographic catalogs separate from the hosting of files themselves. This is both an ...
Anna's Archive is an open source search engine for shadow libraries that was launched by the pseudonymous Anna shortly after law enforcement efforts to shut down Z-Library in 2022. The site aggregates records from major shadow libraries including Z-Library , Sci-Hub , and Library Genesis , among other sources.
The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets (overlay networks) that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access.
Alexandra Elbakyan at a conference at Harvard (2010). Sci-Hub was created by Alexandra Elbakyan, who was born in Kazakhstan in 1988. [22] Elbakyan earned her undergraduate degree at Kazakh National Technical University [23] studying information technology, then worked for a year for a computer security firm in Moscow, then joined a research team at the University of Freiburg in Germany in 2010 ...
An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public.Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.