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The evolution of the horse, a mammal of the family Equidae, occurred over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dog-sized, [1] forest-dwelling Eohippus into the modern horse. Paleozoologists have been able to piece together a more complete outline of the evolutionary lineage of the modern horse than of any other animal.
Twilight, the Thoroughbred mare who was the first horse to have its genome fully sequenced. The horse genome was first sequenced in 2006. The Horse Genome Project mapped 2.7 billion DNA base pairs, [1] and released the full map in 2009. [2] The horse genome is larger than the dog genome, but smaller than the human genome or the bovine genome. [2]
160,000 years ago, Homo sapiens idaltu in the Awash River Valley (near present-day Herto village, Ethiopia) practiced excarnation. [59] 130–80 ka Marine Isotope Stage 5 . Modern human presence in Southern Africa and West Africa. [60] Appearance of mitochondrial haplogroup (mt-haplogroup) L2. 80–50 ka MIS 4, beginning of the Upper Paleolithic.
Horse meat has been used as food for humans and carnivorous animals throughout the ages. Approximately 5 million horses are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. [228] It is eaten in many parts of the world, though consumption is taboo in some cultures, [229] and a subject of political controversy in others. [230]
The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
Based on the assumption of a constant molecular clock, the study predicts the gene loss occurred relatively recently in human evolution—less than 240 000 years ago, but both the Vindija Neandertal and the high-coverage Denisovan sequence contain the same premature stop codons as modern humans and hence dating should be greater than 750 000 ...
The Hirzai derives from cross-breeding of Baluchi horses with Arab stock. It is an endangered breed: its conservation status was listed as 'endangered' by the FAO in 2007, [1]: 88 and in 2024 was listed in DAD-IS as 'unknown'. [2] Population data has not been reported since 1988, when it was estimated to be between 100 and 1000 head. [2]
1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...