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  2. Proof by contradiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_contradiction

    An early occurrence of proof by contradiction can be found in Euclid's Elements, Book 1, Proposition 6: [7] If in a triangle two angles equal one another, then the sides opposite the equal angles also equal one another. The proof proceeds by assuming that the opposite sides are not equal, and derives a contradiction.

  3. Vieta jumping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieta_jumping

    The concept of standard Vieta jumping is a proof by contradiction, and consists of the following four steps: [7] Assume toward a contradiction that some solution (a 1, a 2, ...) exists that violates the given requirements. Take the minimal such solution according to some definition of minimality.

  4. Proof by infinite descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_infinite_descent

    In mathematics, a proof by infinite descent, also known as Fermat's method of descent, is a particular kind of proof by contradiction [1] used to show that a statement cannot possibly hold for any number, by showing that if the statement were to hold for a number, then the same would be true for a smaller number, leading to an infinite descent and ultimately a contradiction. [2]

  5. Minimal counterexample - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_counterexample

    In mathematics, a minimal counterexample is the smallest example which falsifies a claim, and a proof by minimal counterexample is a method of proof which combines the use of a minimal counterexample with the ideas of proof by induction and proof by contradiction. [1] [2] More specifically, in trying to prove a proposition P, one first assumes ...

  6. Proof of impossibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_impossibility

    [6] A more general proof shows that the mth root of an integer N is irrational, unless N is the mth power of an integer n. [7] That is, it is impossible to express the mth root of an integer N as the ratio a ⁄ b of two integers a and b, that share no common prime factor, except in cases in which b = 1.

  7. Method of exhaustion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_exhaustion

    The method of exhaustion typically required a form of proof by contradiction, known as reductio ad absurdum. This amounts to finding an area of a region by first comparing it to the area of a second region, which can be "exhausted" so that its area becomes arbitrarily close to the true area.