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Mitogens can be either endogenous or exogenous factors. Endogenous mitogens function to control cell division is a normal and necessary part of the life cycle of multicellular organisms. For example, in zebrafish, an endogenous mitogen Nrg1 is produced in response to indications of heart damage. When it is expressed, it causes the outer layers ...
The first mitogen-activated protein kinase to be discovered was ERK1 in mammals. Since ERK1 and its close relative ERK2 are both involved in growth factor signaling, the family was termed "mitogen-activated". With the discovery of other members, even from distant organisms (e.g. plants), it has become increasingly clear that the name is a ...
In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569 [4] [5] DNA base pairs, [6] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15. [6]
26395 Ensembl ENSG00000169032 ENSMUSG00000004936 UniProt Q02750 P31938 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002755 NM_008927 RefSeq (protein) NP_002746 NP_032953 Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 66.39 – 66.49 Mb Chr 9: 64.09 – 64.16 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K1 gene. Function The ...
Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. [1] [2] It was first described by John Holloszy in the 1960s, when it was discovered that physical endurance training induced higher mitochondrial content levels, leading to greater glucose uptake by muscles. [3]
Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. [4] This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins . As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA.
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K2 gene. [5] It is more commonly known as MEK2, but has many alternative names including CFC4, MKK2, MAPKK2 and PRKMK2.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K1 gene. [5] It is also known as HPK1 (Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1). The protein has been shown to play a role in JNK activation.