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The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus [1]) is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval .
Brodmann area 27 is a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus.It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum. [1] ...
Today, research is focused on how this loop interacts with other parts of the brain, and how it influences human physiology and behaviour. For example, it has been shown that disruptions within the trisynaptic circuit lead to behavioural changes in rodent and feline models.
In 1937, Papez theorized that a circuit (the Papez circuit) including the hippocampal formation constitutes the neural substrate of emotional behavior, [6] and Klüver and Bucy reported that, in monkeys, surgical removal of the hippocampal formation and the amygdaloid complex has a profound effect on emotional responses.
Broca named the limbic lobe in 1878, identifying it with the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, and associating it with the sense of smell - Treviranus having earlier noted that, between species, the size of the parahippocampal gyrus varies with the size of the olfactory nerve. [2]
The posterior cingulate cortex is considered a paralimbic cortical structure, consisting of Brodmann areas 23 and 31.As part of the paralimbic cortex, it has fewer than six layers, placing its cell architecture in between the six-layered neocortex and the more primitive allocortex of core limbic structures.
In human anatomy, the piriform cortex has been described as consisting of the cortical amygdala, uncus, and anterior parahippocampal gyrus. [1] More specifically, the human piriform cortex is located between the insula and the temporal lobe , anteriorly and laterally of the amygdala.
The hippocampal subfields are four subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 that make up the structure of the hippocampus.Regions described in the hippocampus are the head, body, and tail, and other hippocampal subfields include the dentate gyrus, the presubiculum, and the subiculum.