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The cancer stem cell model, also known as the Hierarchical Model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized (CSCs lying at the apex [6] (Fig. 3).) Within the cancer population of the tumors there are cancer stem cells (CSC) that are tumorigenic cells and are biologically distinct from other subpopulations [7] They have two defining features: their long-term ability to self-renew and ...
A minimal level of intra-tumour heterogeneity is a simple consequence of the imperfection of DNA replication: whenever a cell (normal or cancerous) divides, a few mutations are acquired [2] —leading to a diverse population of cancer cells. [3] The heterogeneity of cancer cells introduces significant challenges in designing effective treatment ...
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cells (from Greek σωματικóς, meaning of the body), they can be found in juvenile, adult animals, and humans, unlike embryonic stem ...
State switching (a.k.a. phenotypic switching) is a fundamental physiological process in which a cell/organism undergoes spontaneous, and potentially reversible, transitions between different phenotypes. Thus, the ability to switch states/phenotypes (phenotypic plasticity) is a key feature of development and normal function of cells within most ...
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem surrounding a tumor, composed of cancer cells, stromal tissue (including blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts and signaling molecules) and the extracellular matrix. [2][3][4][5] Mutual interaction between cancer cells and the different components of the tumor microenvironment support its ...
Checked. Lacks c. 1945–1951. [A] Henrietta Lacks (born Loretta Pleasant; August 1, 1920 – October 4, 1951) [2] was an African-American woman [5] whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line, the first immortalized human cell line [B] and one of the most important cell lines in medical research. An immortalized cell line ...