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Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [4] These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. [4]
Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [8] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [11] [8] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [9] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [12]
Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. Although several different medications are available, the most commonly used local anesthetic to prevent pain in the area around a tooth is lidocaine (also called xylocaine or lignocaine). Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2]
The GI cocktail is a mixture of a viscous anesthetic, an antacid, and an anticholinergic. [1] [2] Common viscous anesthetics use are viscous lidocaine or xylocaine.Common antacids used are magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, or simethicone (more commonly known as Mylanta or Maalox). [3]
A 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared by mixing 0.05 mL of 1.175% barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl 2 •2H 2 O), with 9.95 mL of 1% sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). [ 1 ] Now there are McFarland standards prepared from suspensions of latex particles, which lengthens the shelf life and stability of the suspensions.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Tribenoside (Glyvenol) is a vasoprotective drug used to treat hemorrhoids. [1] It has mild anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing properties. [2] Tribenoside stimulates laminin α5 production and laminin-332 deposition to help repair the basement membrane during the wound healing process. [3]
The heat of dilution can be defined from two perspectives: the differential heat and the integral heat. The differential heat of dilution is viewed on a micro scale, which is associated with the process in which a small amount of solvent is added to a large quantity of solution. The molar differential heat of dilution is thus defined as the enthalpy