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Despite early victories in Egypt and an initially successful expedition into Syria, the destruction of a French Navy fleet by the British navy at the Battle of the Nile stranded French troops in Egypt, and the defeat of Napoleon and his Army of the Orient by Anglo-Ottoman forces at Acre forced the French to withdraw from Syria.
The victory effectively sealed the French conquest of Egypt as Murad Bey salvaged the remnants of his army, chaotically fleeing to Upper Egypt. French casualties amounted to roughly 300, but Ottoman and Mamluk casualties soared to approximately 10,000. Napoleon entered Cairo after the battle and created a new local administration under his ...
The sortie was pushed back as early as the evening of the same day. The French managed to destroy one of the towers on the city fortifications, and despite resistance by its defenders, Jaffa was taken. The murder of the French messengers led Napoleon, when the city fell, to allow his soldiers two days and two nights of slaughter, pillage and rape.
The Peninsular war proved a major disaster for France. Napoleon did well when he was in direct charge, but severe losses followed his departure, as he severely underestimated how much manpower would be needed. The effort in Spain was a drain on money, manpower and prestige. Historian David Gates called it the "Spanish ulcer".
At the time of Napoleon's invasion, travelers had long known of Alexandria, Cairo, and other parts of Lower Egypt. The Great Pyramids and the Sphinx were famous. But Upper Egypt wasn't as well known.
French invasion of Egypt and Syria: Mameluk Egypt: Victory July 21, 1798: Pyramids: French invasion of Egypt and Syria: Mameluk Egypt: Victory October 21, 1798 - October 22, 1798: Revolt of Cairo: French invasion of Egypt and Syria: French-occupied Egypt: Victory January 11, 1799 – January 19, 1799: Siege of El Arish: French invasion of Egypt ...
Napoleon showed great interest in winning over the Jews during the campaign, [10] including the account of Las Cases in "Mémorial de Sainte Hélène" about Napoleon's military campaign records that it was reported among Syrian Jews that after Napoleon took Acre, he would go to Jerusalem and restore Solomon's temple [11] and decrees were passed ...
In early 1798, Napoleon proposed its annexation as part of a wider plan to weaken British interests in Asia. [11] He hoped to use Egypt as the first step in taking Constantinople, then to invade India and attack British possessions there. [12] This was duly approved, and in July 1798, a French expeditionary force of over 40,000 landed in ...