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Bernard Lewis, The Jews of Islam: "Two other works, which emphasize the negative aspects of the Muslim record, are Bat Ye’or (pseudonym), Le Dhimmi: Profil de ľoprimé en Orient et en Afrique du nord depuis la conquête arabe (Paris, 1980), [18] Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages.
al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam by Qadi Ayyad; Daqa`iq al-akhbar fi dhikr al-janna wa-l-nar by Qadi Ayyad; Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq by Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani; Al-Fath ar-Rabbani by Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani; Al-Baz al-Ashhab by Ibn al-Jawzi; Lum'ah al-I'tiqad by Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi; Al-Aqīdah Al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah
Al-Askari died in 260 (873–874) without an obvious heir. [12] [13] Immediately after the death of the eleventh Imam, [14] his main representative, Uthman ibn Sa'id, [15] claimed that the Imam had an infant son, named Muhammad, [16] [14] who was kept hidden from the public out of fear of Abbasid persecution, [17] as they sought to eliminate an expected child of al-Askari, whom persistent ...
Da'a'im al-Islam (Arabic: دعائم الإسلام lit. The Pillars of Islam) is an Ismaili Shia Islam Muslim book of jurisprudence. [1] The book was written by Al-Qadi al-Nu'man. [1] He served as da'i of four imams (from Ismaili 11th Imam Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah to 14th Imam al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah the first four Fatimid caliphs of Egypt). [1]
Seeing Islam As Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam from the Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam series is a book by scholar of the Middle East Robert G. Hoyland.
Sunni Islam does not conceive of the role of imams in the same sense as Shia Islam: an important distinction often overlooked by non-Muslims. In everyday terms, an imam for Sunni Muslims is the person charged with leading formal Islamic prayers ( Fard )—even in locations besides the mosque—whenever prayer is performed in a group of two or more.
Gibran Rakabuming Raka (born 1 October 1987) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the 14th vice president of Indonesia.Previously the 18th mayor of Surakarta from 2021 to 2024, he is the eldest child of the seventh President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 February 2025. President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024 In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic. Joko Widodo Official portrait, 2019 President of Indonesia In office 20 October 2014 – 20 October 2024 Vice President Jusuf Kalla (2014–2019) Ma'ruf Amin (2019–2024 ...