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The three cross-beats, spanning 24 pulses, are represented as whole-notes below for visual emphasis. Three cross-beats across two main beat cycles (two measures). This is the cross-rhythmic ratio of 3:8, or within the context of a single measure, 1.5:4. (Play ⓘ) The following 24-pulse bell pattern is used in the Ewe rhythm kadodo. [30]
A pair of congas. Conga players perform on a tall, narrow, single-headed Cuban drum of African origin called the Tumbadora, or the Conga as it is internationally known. It is probably derived from the Congolese Makuta drums or Sikulu drums commonly played in Mbanza Ngungu, Congo.
The standard Colombian cumbia rhythm is simple and played slowly; it goes 1-2-2-1, also heard as 1-2-1-2. In the Dominican Republic, the fast merengue rhythm, which goes 1 2-1-2, can be played on the conga. It can also be heard as 1-2-1-2 1-2-1-2-1-2. Essentially, it is the rhythm of the tambora applied to conga.
Bongos are mainly employed in the rhythm section of son cubano and salsa ensembles, often alongside other drums such as the larger congas and the stick-struck timbales. In these groups, the bongo player is known as bongosero and often plays a continuous eight-stroke pattern called martillo (lit.
The timbale bell comes from a stick pattern (cáscara) used in the Afro-Cuban folkloric rhythm guaguancó. Timbale bell and bongo bell (bottom) in 3-2 clave. Timbale bell and bongo bell (bottom) in 2-3 clave. The following example shows the most common conga (two drums), timbale bell, and bongo bell pattern combination used in salsa music. [26]
In 1972, Nze Dan Orji, and Raphael Amarabem formed the Peacocks International Band. The band’s first single, “Sambola Mama,” was the first truly popular Bongo music. It would go on to sell 150,000 copies in Ghana, and more than double that amount in Nigeria. The 1970s and ‘80s marked the strongest periods in the trajectory of Bongo ...
Quintero Armando Peraza (b. 1924) states: "Although there is a structure of rhythm in columbia, yambú, or guaguancó, the good rumbero will always follow the dancer’s steps and at the same time express his own individuality. Same thing with the dancer, who will have the ‘rules’ of that particular rumba to follow but will put his own ...
It derived from Congolese rumba in the 1960s, with faster dance rhythms and bright, intricate guitar improvisation, [2] and gained popularity in the 1980s in France. [3] Although often used by journalists as a synonym for Congolese rumba, both the music and dance associated with soukous differ from more traditional rumba, especially in its ...