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Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.
Pir Mazhar ul Haq was first elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh in general elections of 1988 from Constituency PS-74 (Dadu-IV) [1] as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party. Pir Mazhar Ul Haq remained as a minister for housing and town planning, and law and parliamentary affairs respectively. [ 2 ]
In his 1976 lecture Society Must Be Defended, Michel Foucault repeated these ideas. [8] According to him: [W]hile colonization, with its techniques and its political and juridical weapons, obviously transported European models to other continents, it also had a considerable boomerang effect on the mechanisms of power in the West, and on the apparatuses, institutions, and techniques of power.
Mazharul Haque (22 December 1866 – 2 January 1930) was an educator, lawyer, independence activist of the Indian National Movement. [1] [2]Throughout his career, Mazharul Haque was a proponent of Hindu-Muslim unity.
Theories of political behavior, as an aspect of political science, attempt to quantify and explain the influences that define a person's political views, ideology, and levels of political participation, especially in relation to the role of politicians and their impact on public opinion .
The MSF was first proposed by John W. Kingdon to describe the agenda setting stage of the policy making process. [1] In developing his framework Kingdon took inspiration from the garbage can model of organizational choice, [2] which views organizations as anarchical processes resulting from the interaction of four streams: 1) choices, 2) problems, 3) solutions, and 4) energy from participants.
Agenda building describes the ongoing process by which various groups attempt to transfer their interests to be the interests of public policymakers. [1] Conceptualized as a political science theory by Cobb and Elder in 1971, [2] "the agenda-building perspective...alerts us to the importance of the environing social processes in determining what occurs at the decision-making stage and what ...
In power dependence models, policy networks are understood as mechanism of exchanging resources between organizations in the networks. The dynamic of exchange is determined by the comparative value of resources (f.e. legal, political or financial in nature) and individual capacities to deploy them in order create better bargaining positions and ...