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Ideal sources for these articles include comprehensive reviews in independent, reliable published sources, such as reputable scientific journals, statements and reports from reputable expert bodies, widely recognized standard textbooks and handbooks written by experts in a field, expert-curated databases and reference material, or high-quality ...
How accepted and high-quality reliable sources use a given source provides evidence, positive or negative, for its reliability and reputation. The more widespread and consistent this use is, the stronger the evidence.
The popular press is generally not a reliable source for scientific and medical information in articles. Most medical news articles fail to discuss important issues such as evidence quality, [27] costs, and risks versus benefits, [28] and news articles too often convey wrong or misleading information about health care. [29]
Conversely, some otherwise high-quality sources may not be reliable for highly technical subjects that fall well outside their normal areas of expertise, and even very high-quality sources may occasionally make errors, or retract pieces they have published in their entirety. Even considering content published by a single source, some may ...
[g] Exercise caution when using such sources: if the information in question is suitable for inclusion, someone else will probably have published it in independent, reliable sources. [1] Never use self-published sources as third-party sources about living people, even if the author is an expert, well-known professional researcher, or writer.
Academics suggest reviewing reliable sources when assessing the quality of articles. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Its coverage of medical and scientific articles such as pathology , [ 20 ] toxicology , [ 21 ] oncology , [ 22 ] pharmaceuticals , [ 23 ] and psychiatry [ 24 ] were compared to professional and peer-reviewed sources in a 2005 Nature study . [ 25 ]
A reliable source is one that presents a well-reasoned theory or argument supported by strong evidence. Reliable sources include scholarly, peer-reviewed articles or books written by researchers for students and researchers, which can be found in academic databases and search engines like JSTOR and Google Scholar.
After multiple, high-quality independent studies have been published, the understanding may transition from "no evidence" to "some evidence" of either an effect or no effect. You should follow the lead of review articles and other secondary sources for determining when this threshold has been crossed.