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Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia. [1] Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that presents with three main features: new onset of high blood pressure, large amounts of protein in the urine or other organ dysfunction, and edema.
Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, are a major contributor to maternal and fetal illness and death on a worldwide scale. Around 5-10% of pregnancies are affected by these conditions, with preeclampsia being responsible for up to 14% of maternal deaths globally.
Those with PRES with seizures are treated using standard anticonvulsants used in other seizure disorders as there are no specific medications specific to PRES with seizures. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] However, in those with PRES due to pre-eclampsia or eclampsia , IV magnesium sulfate is the preferred medication for both seizures and hypertension.
When it occurs in pregnancy it is known as eclampsia. [2] The diagnosis requires ruling out other possible causes. [1] The condition is generally treated with medications to relatively rapidly lower the blood pressure. [2] [3] This may be done with labetalol or sodium nitroprusside given by injection into a vein. [2]
Particular clinical conditions require a specific approach. For instance, during the management of eclampsia, the magnesium infusion is stopped if urine output drops to less than 80 mL (in 4 hours), deep tendon reflexes are absent, or the respiratory rate is below 12 breaths/minute. A 10% calcium gluconate or chloride solution can serve as an ...
Less common presentations include intracranial bleeding, aortic dissection, and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. [6] Massive, rapid elevations in blood pressure can trigger any of these symptoms, and warrant further work-up by physicians. Physical exam would include measurement of blood pressure in both arms.
Furthermore, some patients regain vision completely, as is the case with transient cortical blindness associated with eclampsia and the side effects of certain anti-epilepsy drugs. Recent research by Krystel R. Huxlin and others on the relearning of complex visual motion following V1 damage has offered potentially promising treatments for ...
Eclampsia or postpartum vasculopathy; Infection; Vasculitis; Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage; Trauma; In younger patients, vascular malformations, specifically AVMs and cavernous angiomas are more common causes for hemorrhage. In addition, venous malformations are associated with hemorrhage.