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1865 – Clausius introduces the modern macroscopic concept of entropy; 1865 – Josef Loschmidt applies Maxwell's theory to estimate the number-density of molecules in gases, given observed gas viscosities. 1867 – Maxwell asks whether Maxwell's demon could reverse irreversible processes; 1870 – Clausius proves the scalar virial theorem
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as ...
The Clausius inequality is a consequence of applying the second law of thermodynamics at each infinitesimal stage of heat transfer. The Clausius statement states that it is impossible to construct a device whose sole effect is the transfer of heat from a cool reservoir to a hot reservoir. [ 3 ]
He used the now abandoned unit 'Clausius' (symbol: Cl) for entropy. [17] 1 Clausius (Cl) = 1 calorie/degree Celsius (cal/°C) = 4.1868 joules per kelvin (J/K) The landmark 1865 paper in which he introduced the concept of entropy ends with the following summary of the first and second laws of thermodynamics: [4] The energy of the universe is ...
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
Rudolf Clausius - originator of the concept of "entropy". In his 1854 memoir, Clausius first develops the concepts of interior work, i.e. that "which the atoms of the body exert upon each other", and exterior work, i.e. that "which arise from foreign influences [to] which the body may be exposed", which may act on a working body of fluid or gas, typically functioning to work a piston.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... This is the template sandbox page for Template:Thermodynamics sidebar . Template documentation ... Clausius; de Donder; Duhem ...
1855 – Lord Kelvin calculates the thermodynamics work and energy due to elastic deformation. [12] 1855 – Adolf Eugen Fick publishes Fick's laws of diffusion. 1857 – Rudolf Clausius introduces the first model for the kinetic theory of gases. [31] 1859 – W. H. Besant introduces an equation for the dynamics of bubbles in an incompressible ...