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The main types of RNA therapeutics are those based on messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), RNA interference (RNAi), and RNA aptamers. Of the four types, mRNA-based therapy is the only type which is based on triggering synthesis of proteins within cells, making it particularly useful in vaccine development. [ 3 ]
Rifampicin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, and is commonly used to inhibit the synthesis of host bacterial proteins during recombinant protein expression in bacteria. RNA encoding for the recombinant gene is usually transcribed from DNA by a viral T7 RNA polymerase, which is not affected by rifampicin. [citation needed]
RNA polymerase 1 (also known as Pol I) is, in higher eukaryotes, the polymerase that only transcribes ribosomal RNA (but not 5S rRNA, which is synthesized by RNA polymerase III), a type of RNA that accounts for over 50% of the total RNA synthesized in a cell.
Ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase inhibitor. [11] Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia: Myelosuppression, hypokalaemia, cytokine release syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (uncommon), toxic epidermal necrolysis (uncommon) and pancreatitis (uncommon) Cytarabine: SC, IM, IV, IT: DNA polymerase inhibitor, S-phase ...
The protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which means that it uses single-stranded RNA as a template to form double-stranded RNA . [14] It contains 591 amino acids with the last 21 amino acids at the C-terminal end functioning as a cell membrane anchor that is hydrophobic in nature.
Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules used to inhibit gene expression. These molecules work by cleaving mRNA molecules, essentially silencing the genes that produced them. Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech first discovered catalytic RNA molecules, RNase P and group II intron ribozymes, in 1989 and won the Nobel Prize for their discovery.
Tenofovir alafenamide—a nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor that uses similar phosphoramidate prodrug technology [92] [32] Remdesivir—a nucleotide analogue RNA polymerase inhibitor originally intended to treat hepatitis C that uses similar phosphoramidate prodrug technology and displays very similar PK.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20–24 base pairs in length, similar to microRNA (miRNA), and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.