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Varicella vaccine, also known as chickenpox vaccine, is a vaccine that protects against chickenpox. [9] One dose of vaccine prevents 95% of moderate disease and 100% of severe disease. [ 10 ] Two doses of vaccine are more effective than one. [ 10 ]
Chickenpox, also known as varicella (/ ˌ v ɛ r ə ˈ s ɛ l ə / VER-ə-SEL-ə), is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] [ 5 ] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters , which eventually scab over. [ 1 ]
A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. [8] Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain (postherpetic neuralgia), as well as other complications.
[87] [88] The only human vaccines available for herpesviruses are for Varicella zoster virus, given to children around their first birthday to prevent chickenpox (varicella), or to adults to prevent an outbreak of shingles (herpes zoster). There is, however, no human vaccine for herpes simplex viruses.
Varicella zoster virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus, although they both belong to the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses. [14] Shingles vaccines reduce the risk of shingles by 50 to 90%, depending on the vaccine used. [1] [15] Vaccination also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia, and, if shingles occurs, its severity. [1]
Chickenpox-like rashes were recognized and described by ancient civilizations; the relationship between zoster and chickenpox was not realized until 1888. [29] In 1943, the similarity between virus particles isolated from the lesions of zoster and those from chickenpox was noted. [30] In 1974 the first chickenpox vaccine was introduced. [31]
Herpes gladiatorum is a skin infection primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus. The virus infects the cells in the epidermal layer of the skin. The initial viral replication occurs at the entry site in the skin or mucous membrane. [7] The infections caused by a HSV Type 1 virus may be primary or recurrent. [8]
Flu vaccines used during the flu in 2009. This is a list of vaccine-related topics.. A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins.