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The PFA-100 (Platelet Function Assay — 100) is a system for analysing platelet function in which citrated whole blood is aspirated through a disposable cartridge containing an aperture within a membrane coated with either collagen and epinephrine or collagen and ADP. These agonists induce platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation, leading ...
The pathway to apoptosis can be inhibited by negative feedback from PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), an enzyme that catabolizes platelet-activating factor. It is an important mediator of bronchoconstriction. It causes platelets to aggregate and blood vessels to dilate. Thus, it is important to the process of hemostasis.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a platelet agonist. When it is added to saline-diluted whole blood in the test cuvette, it stimulates the ADP receptors on platelets, activating the platelets. The activation of the platelets leads to shape change and degranulation, and the released content of the granules further activates the platelets.
Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that bud off large numbers of platelets. [5] Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular development process that leads to platelet production.
In a quiescent platelet, P-selectin is located on the inner wall of α-granules. Platelet activation (through agonists such as thrombin, Type II collagen and ADP) results in "membrane flipping" where the platelet releases α- and dense granules and the inner walls of the granules are exposed on the outside of the cell.
Receptors that mediate TXA 2 actions are thromboxane A 2 receptors. The human TXA 2 receptor (TP) is a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane segments. In humans, two TP receptor splice variants – TPα and TPβ – have so far been cloned.
The platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) is a G-protein coupled receptor which binds platelet-activating factor. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is encoded in the human by the PTAFR gene . The PAF receptor shows structural characteristics of the rhodopsin (MIM 180380) gene family and binds platelet-activating factor (PAF).
One primary function of thromboregulation is the control of primary hemostasis, which is the platelet aggregation process. Some thromboregulators enhance platelet aggregation and some others inhibit the process. Platelet aggregation plays a critical role in the genesis of a resulting thrombus. Adhesion should remain local, but platelet ...