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The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is responsible for a variety of phenomena in spectroscopy, stereochemistry, crystal chemistry, molecular and solid-state physics, and materials science.
A perfect octahedron belongs to the point group O h. Examples of octahedral compounds are sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 and molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO) 6 . The term "octahedral" is used somewhat loosely by chemists, focusing on the geometry of the bonds to the central atom and not considering differences among the ligands themselves.
Structural distortion analysis Determination of regular and irregular distorted octahedral molecular geometry; Octahedral distortion parameters [5] [6] [7] Volume of the octahedron; Tilting distortion parameter for perovskite complex [8] Molecular graphics. 3D modelling of complex; Display of the eight faces of octahedron
The octahedron and its dual polytope, the cube, have the same symmetry group but different characteristic tetrahedra. The characteristic tetrahedron of the regular octahedron can be found by a canonical dissection [23] of the regular octahedron which subdivides it into 48 of these characteristic orthoschemes surrounding the octahedron's center.
The ideal tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, and dodecahedron form respectively the order-6 tetrahedral honeycomb, order-6 cubic honeycomb, order-4 octahedral honeycomb, and order-6 dodecahedral honeycomb; here the order refers to the number of cells meeting at each edge. However, the ideal icosahedron does not tile space in the same way.
Cube to octahedron by truncation of all vertices (holohedry) Cube to tetrahedron by truncation of alternate vertices (hemihedry) Haüy spoke for the first time about a law of symmetry in his physics classes at the École Normale Supérieure in 1795.
PJTE versus Renner–Teller effect in bending distortions. Linear molecules are exceptions from the JTE, and for a long time it was assumed that their bending distortions in degenerate states (observed in many molecules) is produced by the Renner–Teller effect (RTE) (the splitting of the generate state by the quadratic terms of the vibronic ...
The perception of space and time undergoes distortions during rapid saccadic eye movements. [57] Chronostasis is a type of temporal illusion in which the first impression following the introduction of a new event or task demand to the brain appears to be extended in time. [58]