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Sufi saints or wali (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading Islam throughout the world. [1] In the traditional Islamic view, a saint is portrayed as someone "marked by [special] divine favor ...
Sufism (Arabic: الصوفية, romanized: al-Ṣūfiyya or Arabic: التصوف, romanized: al-Taṣawwuf) is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, and asceticism.
Initially, the Sufi khanqah life emphasized a close and fruitful relationship between the master-teacher and their students. [31] For example, students in khanqahs would pray, worship, study, and read works together. [33] Sufi literature had more academic concerns besides just the jurisprudential and theological works seen in madrasa. [31]
Mansour al-Hallaj (Arabic: ابو المغيث الحسين بن منصور الحلاج, romanized: Abū 'l-Muġīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj) or Mansour Hallaj (Persian: منصور حلاج, romanized: Mansūr-e Hallāj) (c. 858 – 26 March 922) (Hijri c. 244 AH – 309 AH) was a Persian mystic, poet, and teacher of Sufism.
Illustrated folio from a 'Khamsa' (quintet) by Amir Khusrau depicting Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya with three attendants, ca.1450 or earlier He had more than 600 khalifas (a khalifa is a disciple who is given the authority to take his own disciples and thus propagate the spiritual lineage) who continued his lineage all over the world.
Sakhi Sarwar was a Punjabi Muslim [1] Sufi saint who is believed to have lived in the Punjab region during the 12th century. In the colonial Punjab, the shrine of Sakhi Sarwar attracted Muslim, Hindu and Sikh devotees alike and held special significance for Sikhs of Punjab. [2] He features prominently in the Punjabi Sufism. [3]
A third discourse discernible in the ginans is that of the sants, “a group of lower-caste poet-saints who were part of a powerful anti-ritual and anti-caste movement” influential in India. Satpanth can be thought of as one of the many formal organizations called panths (paths) that crystallized around some of these sants.
Ahmad Sirhindi's teaching emphasized the inter-dependence of both the Sufi path and Sharia, stating that "what is outside the path shown by the prophet is forbidden." [ 43 ] : 95-96 In his criticism of the superficial jurists, he states: "For a worm hidden under a rock, the sky is the bottom of the rock."