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Amortization of debt has two major effects: Credit risk First and most importantly, it substantially reduces the credit risk of the loan or bond. In a bullet loan (or bullet bond), the bulk of the credit risk is in the repayment of the principal at maturity, at which point the debt must either be paid off in full or rolled over. By paying off ...
Bond duration Bond duration is the weighted-average time to receive the discounted present values of all the cash flows (including both principal and interest), while WAL is the weighted-average time to receive simply the principal payments (not including interest, and not discounting). For an amortizing loan with equal payments, the WAL will ...
This amortization schedule is based on the following assumptions: First, it should be known that rounding errors occur and, depending on how the lender accumulates these errors, the blended payment (principal plus interest) may vary slightly some months to keep these errors from accumulating; or, the accumulated errors are adjusted for at the end of each year or at the final loan payment.
In the case of an amortizing bond, it is the unpaid principal = outstanding principal amount (OPA) = principal balance. In the case of an accreting bond, where the principal increases with the accumulation of notional coupons that are not paid, Principal means principal balance (after the previous coupon). The latter is the most general ...
For example, bonds can be readily priced using these equations. A typical coupon bond is composed of two types of payments: a stream of coupon payments similar to an annuity, and a lump-sum return of capital at the end of the bond's maturity—that is, a future payment. The two formulas can be combined to determine the present value of the bond.
Negative amortization loans can be high risk loans for inexperienced investors. These loans tend to be safer in a falling rate market and riskier in a rising rate market. Start rates on negative amortization or minimum payment option loans can be as low as 1%. This is the payment rate, not the actual interest rate.
Likewise for bullet bond. A bullet loan can be a mortgage, bond, note or any other type of credit . In a bullet loan, one can choose to pay only the interest amount, and the bulk amount can be paid later at the time of the maturity of the loan or as agreed by the financial institution.
A PIK, or payment in kind, is a type of high-risk loan or bond that allows borrowers to pay interest with additional debt, rather than cash. That makes it an expensive, high-risk financing instrument since the size of the debt may increase quickly, leaving lenders with big losses if the borrower is unable to pay back the loan.