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Social disorganization theory is a theory of criminology that was established in 1929 by Clifford Shaw and published in 1942 with his assistant Henry McKay.It is used to describe crime and delinquency in urban North American cities, it suggests that communities characterized by socioeconomic status, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility are impeded from organizing to realize the ...
In some countries, ethnically/racially diverse geographical areas have higher crime rates compared to homogeneous areas, and in other countries, it is the other way around. Some studies on immigrants found higher rates of crime among these populations; these rates vary according to the country of origin (immigrants from some regions having ...
Sociologia Ruralis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering social-science research on rural areas and related issues with a focus on social, political and cultural aspects of rural development, including class, economics, government, and poverty.
Geographic mobility, population mobility, or more simply mobility is also a statistic that measures migration within a population. Commonly used in demography and human geography , it may also be used to describe the movement of animals between populations.
Illustration from a 1916 advertisement for a vocational school in the back of a US magazine. Education has been seen as a key to socioeconomic mobility, and the advertisement appealed to Americans' belief in the possibility of self-betterment as well as threatening the consequences of downward mobility in the great income inequality existing during the Industrial Revolution.
Stage one ("Premodern traditional society"): This is before the onset of urbanization, and involves little to no migration, while natural increase rates are about zero. Mobility (nomadism) is high, but migration is low. The high mortality of pre-modern societies compensates for higher fertility and slow population growth. [2]
Rural sociology was a concept first brought by Americans in response to the large amounts of people living and working on the grounds of farms. [2] Rural sociology was the first and for a time the largest branch of American sociology. Histories of the field were popular in the 1950s and 1960s. [3] [4]
The results and findings of the index are summarized in the Global Social Mobility Report 2020. [1] The index differs from previous measures of social mobility because it uses a more holistic methodology, ultimately measuring the causes of social mobility. [1] Previous measures focused on comparing intergenerational incomes. [1]