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The earliest Swiss Guard unit to be established on a permanent basis was the Hundred Swiss (Cent-Suisses), which served at the French court from 1490 to 1817. This small force was complemented in 1616 by a Swiss Guards regiment. In the 18th and early 19th centuries several other Swiss Guard units existed for periods in various European courts.
The French Revolution. London: William Heinemann Ltd. Mathiez, Albert (1929). The French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. McPhee, Peter (2002). The French Revolution 1789–1799. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-199-24414-6. Mignet, François (1824). History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814. Project Gutenberg eBook.
Bachmann was in direct charge of the 900 Swiss Guards present during the Insurrection of 10 August 1792, when French revolutionaries stormed the Tuileries Palace.The nominal commander of the Guard, the elderly Colonel Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry, was in poor health and had delegated Bachmann to bring the regiment into central Paris during the evening of 9 August. [2]
It commemorates the Swiss Guards who were killed in 1792 during the French Revolution, when revolutionaries stormed the Tuileries Palace in Paris. It is one of the most famous monuments in Switzerland, visited annually by about 1.4 million tourists. [1] In 2006, it was placed under Swiss monument protection. [2]
Swiss Guards in red coats. The Lion Monument in Lucerne, Switzerland, commemorates the sacrifice of the Swiss Guards at the Tuileries in 1792. At the outbreak of the French Revolution the Swiss troops were, as at least nominal foreigners, still considered more reliable than their French counterparts in a time of civil unrest.
The first was retained because of its close ties to the Royal Court, the French and Swiss Guards because they comprised the largest, and historically most effective, infantry components of the Maison du Roi. At the French Revolution's outbreak in July 1789, the French Guards defected from the monarchy and joined in the attack on the Bastille.
The French Revolution brought with it the abolition of the Swiss Guard Regiment and the end of the Capitulations between the French Monarchy and the Swiss Confederation. Bachmann's brother, Karl Josef, was sentenced to death for his part in the defense of King Louis XVI on 10 August 1792 and was guillotined in September of the same year.
In 1767, d'Affry was made colonel of the Swiss Guards. [1] He served as Louis XV's representative to the Dutch Republic from 1755 to 1762, and was the unofficial ambassador of the Old Swiss Confederacy to the French court. [1] [4] From 1771 until 1792, d'Affry was in charge of all Swiss troops in French service. [1]